what is the human body made of

Our bodies are composed of amazingly complex organs like the eye, the kidney and the liver. Some of these symbionts are necessary for our health. The body system composed of bones, cartilages, ligaments and other tissues is known as the Skelatal System, which perform various essential functions for the human body. The very same atoms will have been in dinosaurs, while throughout the presence of life on Earth many will also have been in bacteria. [8] Water is ~11% hydrogen by mass but ~67% hydrogen by atomic percent, and these numbers along with the complementary % numbers for oxygen in water, are the largest contributors to overall mass and atomic composition figures. [5] About 29 of these elements are thought to play an active positive role in life and health in humans.[6]. Water is found in the extracellular fluids of the body (the blood plasma, the lymph, and the … HEARTBEAT FIND OUT MORE. We have known about electrons since the late 1890s. The relative amounts of each element vary by individual, mainly due to differences in the proportion of fat, muscle and bone in their body. The Commonwealth of these systems gives us a whole organism. [[File:Human Body 02.png|thumb|Female (left) and male (right) adult human bodies photographed in ventral (above) and dorsal (below) And the human brain itself makes the most advanced computer today look like a Tinkertoy. [3] Fluorine is used by a number of plants to manufacture toxins (see that element) but in humans only functions as a local (topical) hardening agent in tooth enamel, and not in an essential biological role. The most common figure is that around 60 per cent of your body is water – even your bones are about 30 per cent aqueous. Here are some amazing facts about the human body: There are an estimated 37.2 trillion cells in the body (at maturity) On average, adult bodies contain 5.5 liters of blood and about 10 liters of interstitial fluid; Adults are made up of approximately 7 octillion atoms; The human heart beats around 100,000 times per day All life as we know it incorporates water and is based on carbon structures. In a large sample of adults of all ages and both sexes, the figure for water fraction by weight was found to be 48 ±6% for females and 58 ±8% water for males. Let’s take a zoom in on the simplest type of atom in your body, a hydrogen atom. The dice were loaded for your eventual atomic assembly. Hair also includes oils for texture and a chemical called melanin. Around the outside, in a fuzzy region of probability, would be an electron. The main systems are the skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, lymphatic and immune system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, and the reproductive system.Each of these systems works together in harmony. There’s enough structure to make it unlikely that you will run down the drain, but there is plenty of water there. The human body is primarily composed of water, carbon, and bone. But add all the genes in … Carbon, the basic unit for organic molecules, comes in second. Such estimates vary hugely. The very active young Earth mixed things up nicely. The rest of the atoms were produced in stars, which then exploded in vast cosmic convulsions known as supernovae. At the basic level, you are made of just four types of particles, which have been around for the majority of the lifetime of the Universe. There’s enough structure to make it unlikely that you will run down the drain, but there is plenty of water there. Each atom in you came from somewhere. Electrons are small. Nitrogen (3%) 5. Perseverance’s 7 minutes of terror: Why a Mars landing is NASA’s greatest test, The life-changing and long-lasting influence of Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Journey underneath the skin with amazing illustrations from the new book Anatomicum. The human body contains 60 chemical elements, but we don’t know what all of them do. Look out for your Lunchtime Genius newsletter in your inbox soon. Like all living organisms, the human body is made up of cells. 1. Let’s start with the basics: Semen and sperm are not the same thing. Again, if we try to buy an equivalent amount of potassium, we get wildly varying prices. Blood coagulation is extremely significant for a living body to reduce the blood loss on injury or trauma. Potassium (0.35%) 8. Plasma; 2.7-3.0 liter of plasma in an average human. There are no important or unimportant systems. Issue Date: 1999 URI: This page was last edited on 7 February 2021, at 11:39. Around a million, trillion, trillion of them weigh a kilogram. If we have a problem with one system soon we will have problems with the others. You can unsubscribe at any time. Because carbon atoms are 12 times the weight of hydrogen atoms, carbon comes second to oxygen by weight, with about 65 per cent oxygen, 18 per cent carbon and 10.2 per cent hydrogen in your body. What we’ve seen so far is a physicist’s view. In terms of tissue type, the body may be analyzed into water, fat, connective tissue, muscle, bone, etc. God’s breath is His Spirit. Calcium (1.5%) 6. With the exception of a few atoms produced by radioactive decay, every atom in your body already existed when the Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. This pushes the number of basic components up from four basic particles, but bearing in mind there are about 7 billion billion billion atoms in a typical 70 kg (150 lb) human, it’s still quite a simplification to realise that we can account for 99.95 per cent of your body weight with just eleven elements. Even though hair comes in many colors and textures, it is all made of the same materials. Tissue is the building block of an organism. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. WHAT IS THE HEART MADE OF? About 99 percent of your body is made up of atoms of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. Another way to look at it is that if the atom were the size of the Earth, the nucleus would be about 200 metres across – the rest is empty space. To see why, consider the oxygen and hydrogen. Not all of the numerous other elements found in the human body actually play a significant role in human life. You might be wondering what happened to protons and neutrons. Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus.Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium.All 11 are necessary for life. Since all atoms are 99.9% empty space, technically, you’re made of … In one sense, it’s worth noting, though, that there is a seriously important component missing from that analysis. 96% of the body is oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. Bone tissue is a hard, dense connective tissue that forms the majority of the adult … This can be done in terms of the chemical elements present, or by molecular type e.g., water, protein, fats (or lipids), hydroxylapatite (in bones), carbohydrates (such as glycogen and glucose) and DNA. At its simplest, the body is made up of just four types of particle. It might seem unlikely: the body feels quite solid. Only about 0.85% is composed of another five elements: potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. Sulfur (0.25%) 9. If we could somehow visualise what goes on at the sub-microscopic scale, somewhere in the middle would be a single proton, made up of quarks and gluons. One way to assess what goes into making you up at is to look at the value of the elements in your body on the open market. Organs are made up of two or more type of tissues. The void. Of the remaining 33, it is not known how many occur in the human body. In fact, over half of the human body is made up of water (50-70%). All 11 are necessary for life. The largest quantities of material congregated in the centre, eventually producing a star – in our case, the Sun. When applied to the human body, every atom, molecule, cell, tissue and body system is composed of energy that when superimposed on each other create what is known as the human energy field. When placed in the retort, the high temperature of the fire effectively vaporizes all the organic matter (tissues, organs, etc.) Are synthetic chemicals really bad for you? When lots of similar cells work together to perform a function, they make up tissue. In the high figure, for example, hydrogen dominates, because it has been priced at £83 ($100) per kilo, based on the price of hydrogen fuel for cars. Sperm is just Like the other three, this is a ‘fundamental’ particle, meaning that they aren’t made of anything simpler. What Do You Think You Are? Even though water consists of two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen, hydrogen has much less mass. The human body is about 60% water and hydrogen only accounts for 11% of that water mass. Thanks! We can conclude that 93% of the mass in our body is stardust. [33] Transferrins can bind aluminium.[34]. On the other hand, a banana contains around 0.4g of potassium – so 400 bananas give us the required 160g. This isn’t an easy calculation, but one estimate is around £125 ($160). Carbon (18%) 3. But most of you is made up of cells filled with water. The human body, like all organic compounds, contains a significant amount of carbon. But the names of the other component particles that make you up – quarks and gluons – did not enter the language until the 1960s. Most of the human body is water, with an average of roughly 60%. WHAT’S INSIDE THE HEART? Some of these elements are thought to be simple common contaminants without function (examples: caesium, titanium), while many others are thought to be active toxins, depending on amount (cadmium, mercury, lead, radioactives). Body composition can also be expressed in terms of various types of material, such as: There are many species of bacteria and other microorganisms that live on or inside the healthy human body. in the body through vaporization and oxidation. 99% of the mass of your body is made up of just 6 elements. 96.2% of the mass of the human body is made up of just four elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Most of the elements needed for life are relatively common in the Earth's crust. The human body is an absolute marvel of design. In one sense this is very reductionist. Of the 94 naturally occurring chemical elements, 61 are listed in the table above. God exhaled His breath into the body that He had formed, giving man not only an earthly origin but a divine one. Throw in a small amount of nitrogen (3.1 per cent), a pinch of calcium for those bones (1.6 per cent), 1.2 per cent phosphorous, around 0.25 per cent each of potassium and sulphur, with smaller percentages of sodium, chlorine and magnesium, and you’ve hit that 99.95 per cent mark. For lab-quality potassium metal, for example, I’d have to pay around £414 ($500). Already have an account with us? The human genome - the full set of genetic instructions for a human being - is made up of 20,000 instructions called genes. [2], Some elements (silicon, boron, nickel, vanadium) are probably needed by mammals also, but in far smaller doses. Links: Knowing as we do that water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen – H2O – it might seem that the elements topping the charts for body weight should be hydrogen and oxygen, but there’s also a huge amount of that most versatile of atoms, carbon, present. In fact, 90% of the cells in (or on) a human body are microbes, by number[40][41] (much less by mass or volume). The terms Spirit and breath, in reference to God’s, are often used interchangeably. Oxygen (65%) 2. However, it would be silly to deny that they exist and that they are the objects that make you up. In fact, your atoms have been in pretty well every type of living thing, from trees to grass, insects to dogs. But one fundamental aspect is the atoms making up your body. Those that neither help nor harm humans are called commensal organisms. Hydrogen (10%) 4. Authors: Nielsen, Forrest H. USDA, ARS Source: turn cites Geigy Scientific Tables, Ciba-Geigy Limited, Basel, Switzerland, 1984. "Ultratrace minerals". The amount of water in the body changes slightly with age, sex, and hydration levels. The atoms in your body are constantly being replaced at different rates – some remain only hours, others for a few years, but over a ten-year period the majority will have been replaced. You’ve probably heard that the majority of your body is water. Save 50% when you subscribe to BBC Science Focus Magazine. National Research Council (United States), List of distinct cell types in the adult human body, "Arsenic in Food and Dietary Supplements", "Bromine Is an Essential Trace Element for Assembly of Collagen IV Scaffolds in Tissue Development and Architecture", "Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide 14. If we could follow an individual atom back through its history, it will have been incorporated many times into other animals and plants. Further out, accumulating dust and gas resulted in the formation of planets. The numbers in the table are averages of different numbers reported by different references. The remaining elements are trace elements, of which more than a dozen are thought on the basis of good evidence to be necessary for life. You also contain much smaller amounts of the other elements that are essential for life. Most of the human body is made up of water, H 2 O, with bone cells being comprised of 31% water and the lungs 83%. At the smallest level, the human body is made up of particles: mostly atomic nuclei and electrons. Human body tissue is just another manner for describing how our cells are grouped together in a highly organized manner with set reference to the specific structure and function. Most familiar will be the electron. Even so, we get a feel for the cost of what is inside you. The composition of the human body expressed in terms of chemicals: The composition of the human body can be viewed on an atomic and molecular scale as shown in this article. A strong case can be made for it being the human body! Bear in mind that you contain around 100,000 times more atoms than the number of humans that have ever existed. And there are only two obvious ways to join your body – the air that you breathe and the food and drink that you consume. Others estimate the chemical makeup of the body costing anything from £0.83 ($1) to £1,650 ($2,000). Flows of electrons create electrical currents, while it’s the quantity and distribution of electrons around the outside of atoms that determine how they will behave chemically. These include germanium, antimony, silver, niobium, lanthanum, tellurium, bismuth, thallium, gold, and even radioactive elements like thorium, uranium, and radium. By the number of atoms, however, the proportions are: 63% hydrogen, 24% oxygen and 12% carbon, with only tiny traces of the others. The estimated gross molecular contents of a typical 20-micrometre human cell is as follows:[38]. 200,000–500,000 thrombocytes in a human body. Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, c1999., p. 283-303. The most common figure is that around 60 per cent of your body is water – even your bones are about 30 per cent aqueous. The Science of What Makes You You by Brian Clegg is out now (£12.99, Icon Books). The estimate above used a cost per kilogram of £0.17 ($0.20) for both. The human body system is made up of several different systems with different functions. So, if your atoms were already in existence when the Earth came into existence, where are you actually from? It’s clear that we’re never going to reach an exact value. The human body is made mostly of water (a molecule composed of two hydrogen and one oxygen atom) and of “organic” molecules, which consist of a skeleton of carbon atoms bound to other elements. Not all elements which are found in the human body in trace quantities play a role in life.

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